- E-DiscoveryeDiscovery
- Electronic discovery: the process of identifying, collecting, reviewing and producing electronically stored information (ESI) for litigation or investigations, governed by FRCP Rules 26–37 and the EDRM framework.
- Contract Lifecycle ManagementCLM
- CLM software manages contracts end-to-end: drafting, redlining, negotiation, e-signature, storage and post-signature obligations. Top vendors include Ironclad, Icertis, LinkSquares and SirionLabs.
- Document Management SystemDMS
- A DMS centralizes legal documents (matters, emails, contracts) with version control, security and search. Category leaders: iManage, NetDocuments and SharePoint-based custom builds.
- Legal Hold
- A legal hold is the formal preservation order issued when litigation is reasonably anticipated, freezing relevant ESI and physical records to prevent spoliation sanctions under FRCP Rule 37(e).
- Redlining
- Redlining is the practice of marking proposed changes to a contract draft (additions, deletions, comments) during negotiation, typically using Word track-changes or AI-assisted tools like Spellbook or Robin AI.
- Predictive CodingTAR
- Technology-Assisted Review uses machine learning to classify documents as responsive or non-responsive during e-discovery, reducing manual review by 70–90%. Endorsed by Da Silva Moore (2012).
- Legal OperationsLegal Ops
- Legal Operations applies business discipline (vendor management, tech, data analytics, billing controls) to corporate legal departments. Professional body: CLOC (Corporate Legal Operations Consortium).
- Alternative Legal Service ProviderALSP
- ALSPs deliver legal services outside the traditional law-firm model — managed review, contract management, compliance — often at lower cost. Market grew to $20B+ by 2025 (Thomson Reuters).
- Legal Project ManagementLPM
- LPM applies project-management frameworks (scope, budget, milestones, risk) to legal matters. Drives Alternative Fee Arrangement profitability and is increasingly required by client OCGs.
- Matter Management
- Matter management software tracks legal matters across their full lifecycle: budgets, deadlines, documents, communications and outside-counsel spend. Core to in-house legal ops stacks.
- Time & Billing
- Time-and-billing systems capture attorney time entries (often in 6-minute increments), generate invoices in LEDES format and integrate with trust accounting (IOLTA) and ERP systems.
- IOLTATrust Accounting
- Interest on Lawyers Trust Accounts: pooled escrow holding client funds. Mismanagement is the #1 cause of attorney disbarment, making trust-accounting compliance non-negotiable for practice-management tools.
- KYC for Law FirmsAML/CDD
- Anti-Money-Laundering Know-Your-Client and Customer-Due-Diligence checks are mandatory for law firms under the UK SRA, FATF guidance and (post-Corporate Transparency Act) US firms in regulated practice areas.
- Outside Counsel GuidelinesOCG
- OCGs are client-mandated rules outside counsel must follow: rates, staffing limits, billing format (LEDES), AI usage disclosure, conflicts checks and security. AI clauses became standard in 2025 OCGs.
- Alternative Fee ArrangementsAFA
- AFAs price legal work outside the billable hour: flat fees, capped fees, success fees, subscriptions. ~25% of US BigLaw revenue (2025) and the lever that unlocks LegalTech automation ROI.
- Bates Numbering
- Bates numbering applies unique sequential identifiers to every page of a document production for citation in deposition, motion practice and trial. Mandatory in federal litigation discovery.
- Privilege Log
- A privilege log lists documents withheld from production as attorney-client privileged or work-product, with metadata (date, author, recipient, subject) sufficient to assess the privilege claim under FRCP 26(b)(5).
- Legal AI Hallucination
- When generative AI fabricates fake case citations or statutes. Mata v. Avianca (2023) sanctioned a NY attorney for ChatGPT-fabricated cases, prompting ABA Formal Opinion 512 (2024) on AI supervision duties.
- E-DiscoveryeDiscovery
- Electronic discovery: the process of identifying, collecting, reviewing and producing electronically stored information (ESI) for litigation or investigations, governed by FRCP Rules 26–37 and the EDRM framework.
- Contract Lifecycle ManagementCLM
- CLM software manages contracts end-to-end: drafting, redlining, negotiation, e-signature, storage and post-signature obligations. Top vendors include Ironclad, Icertis, LinkSquares and SirionLabs.
- Document Management SystemDMS
- A DMS centralizes legal documents (matters, emails, contracts) with version control, security and search. Category leaders: iManage, NetDocuments and SharePoint-based custom builds.
- Legal Hold
- A legal hold is the formal preservation order issued when litigation is reasonably anticipated, freezing relevant ESI and physical records to prevent spoliation sanctions under FRCP Rule 37(e).
- Redlining
- Redlining is the practice of marking proposed changes to a contract draft (additions, deletions, comments) during negotiation, typically using Word track-changes or AI-assisted tools like Spellbook or Robin AI.
- Predictive CodingTAR
- Technology-Assisted Review uses machine learning to classify documents as responsive or non-responsive during e-discovery, reducing manual review by 70–90%. Endorsed by Da Silva Moore (2012).
- Legal OperationsLegal Ops
- Legal Operations applies business discipline (vendor management, tech, data analytics, billing controls) to corporate legal departments. Professional body: CLOC (Corporate Legal Operations Consortium).
- Alternative Legal Service ProviderALSP
- ALSPs deliver legal services outside the traditional law-firm model — managed review, contract management, compliance — often at lower cost. Market grew to $20B+ by 2025 (Thomson Reuters).
- Legal Project ManagementLPM
- LPM applies project-management frameworks (scope, budget, milestones, risk) to legal matters. Drives Alternative Fee Arrangement profitability and is increasingly required by client OCGs.
- Matter Management
- Matter management software tracks legal matters across their full lifecycle: budgets, deadlines, documents, communications and outside-counsel spend. Core to in-house legal ops stacks.
- Time & Billing
- Time-and-billing systems capture attorney time entries (often in 6-minute increments), generate invoices in LEDES format and integrate with trust accounting (IOLTA) and ERP systems.
- IOLTATrust Accounting
- Interest on Lawyers Trust Accounts: pooled escrow holding client funds. Mismanagement is the #1 cause of attorney disbarment, making trust-accounting compliance non-negotiable for practice-management tools.
- KYC for Law FirmsAML/CDD
- Anti-Money-Laundering Know-Your-Client and Customer-Due-Diligence checks are mandatory for law firms under the UK SRA, FATF guidance and (post-Corporate Transparency Act) US firms in regulated practice areas.
- Outside Counsel GuidelinesOCG
- OCGs are client-mandated rules outside counsel must follow: rates, staffing limits, billing format (LEDES), AI usage disclosure, conflicts checks and security. AI clauses became standard in 2025 OCGs.
- Alternative Fee ArrangementsAFA
- AFAs price legal work outside the billable hour: flat fees, capped fees, success fees, subscriptions. ~25% of US BigLaw revenue (2025) and the lever that unlocks LegalTech automation ROI.
- Bates Numbering
- Bates numbering applies unique sequential identifiers to every page of a document production for citation in deposition, motion practice and trial. Mandatory in federal litigation discovery.
- Privilege Log
- A privilege log lists documents withheld from production as attorney-client privileged or work-product, with metadata (date, author, recipient, subject) sufficient to assess the privilege claim under FRCP 26(b)(5).
- Legal AI Hallucination
- When generative AI fabricates fake case citations or statutes. Mata v. Avianca (2023) sanctioned a NY attorney for ChatGPT-fabricated cases, prompting ABA Formal Opinion 512 (2024) on AI supervision duties.